Friday, March 13, 2020

Multicultural education Essays

Multicultural education Essays Multicultural education Essay Multicultural education Essay At the sound of multicultural education being discussed in the whims and conversational buzzes of educational conferences, it is assumed that it is defined as incorporating various cultures in the curriculum to create a respect and understanding for people of various cultural backgrounds. However, there has been an increase in the diversity of bi-/multiracial individuals such as Black/Caucasians or students who have a German/Chinese/Puerto Rican background. When multicultural education is implemented through a minimum of holidays, and heroes or customs, foods, music, and dance, what does multicultural education mean for bi-/multicultural students? What culture(s) do they embrace? Is it fair for teachers to assume that they would embrace their culture(s)? Not only is there a racial mix between black and white, but between Asians, Latinos, Native Americans, and South Asians. Interracial marriages are accounting for 5% of all marriages (Phinney Alipuria, 1996). There are some issues that may transcend across interracial groups. There is a need to understand how a multiracial individual identifies himself. Does he identify with one race more than the other or both and why? Does he identify with an ethnic group at all? An individuals social environment and physical appearance plays a major role in shaping ones identity. The focus of multicultural research has been mostly on biracials who are part Caucasian and part African-American. It has been perceived as mostly a black-white issue and the experiences of those in between have been greatly ignored. There has been a lack of research on biracial Latinos (ex. Puerto Rican-Chinese) and their experiences with multicultural educational in school. More importantly, what umbrella term do multiracial individuals fall under? Furthermore, there have been national Latino agencies such as the National Council of La Raza (NCLR) that have supported multicultural education but denounced the multiracial movement to include a multiracial category to the Census. NCLR strongly believed that a multiracial category would take away funding and power from the United States Latino population. Currently, the multiracial movement has been able to pressure the Census Bureau to allow the U.S. population to check multiple boxes in the Census 2000. There are multiracial organizations such as webzine Interracial Voice, A Place for Us, Project RACE, Famlee, and the Multiracial Activist, that have actively worked towards the full acknowledgment of Americas multiracial population; in addition to being able to acknowledge their full identity instead of part of their identity. The increase of multiracial activism has coupled with the increase in the diversity of biracial individuals. Not only is there a racial mix between black and white, but between Asians, Latinos, Native Americans, and South Asians. Interracial marriages account for 5% of all marriages (Phinney Alipuria, 1996). There are some issues that may transcend across interracial groups. One important issue is how a multiracial individual identifies himself. Does he identify with one race more than the other or both and why? Does he identify with an ethnic group at all? Phinney and Alipuria (1996) found that the individuals social environment and physical appearance played a major role in shaping ones identity. In addition, they noted that it is important to understand the ethnic makeup of the multiracial individual and assess which ethnic group is more willing to accept a multi-faceted identity. These are crucial points to consider when a teacher is constructing a multicultural curriculum based on mainstream customs, foods, music, and dance. A multicultural student who embraces both or one identity may encounter a problematic experience in going through such a curriculum. For instance, take a student who appears African-American, but is actually half Black and half Puerto Rican. There are no other Latinos in class and few African-American students. In addition, the student would have a non-Latino surname and would completely miss out on learning integral portions of his Latino heritage if a teacher assumes that she has no Latino students in class. Inclusion of multicultural education units based just on class race composition would hinder the students chances on learning about his entire identity. On the other hand, a broadly conceptualized multicultural education program would facilitate and enable the teacher to appropriately address cultural topics in the classroom as they would also be a part of the general educational experience. In accordance with this study and contrary to previous research, Phinney and Alipuria (1996) found that multiracial students were found to be able to take advantage of their ethnic background and engage in intergroup relations (Phinney Alipuria, 1996). Multiracial students were found to be the key people to bridge the gap between ethnic groups who would have never interact socially on their own (Phinney Alipuria, 1996). Furthermore, multiracial students were more ethnically androgynous and less ethnocentric than their monoethnic counterparts (Phinney Alipuria, 1996). Therefore, this trait allowed multiracial students to be open to cultures other than their own. In turn, this facilitates instruction for the teacher as multicultural students may serve to set the example for open-minded, critical learning. For instance, Flores-Gonzalez (1999), found that Latinos who are of mixed national origin were more likely to adopt a panethnic term that would be more inclusive of various Latino identities rather than a monoethnic term that would just claim a single Latin American national origin. Most of this research paints a promising future for multiracial people in society. However, there is a lack of research done on Latino multiracial students and their interaction with multicultural curriculums. Furthermore, higher education deals with issues that are totally on a different level from elementary and high schools. Issues such as affirmative action, special support programs, and scholarships for specific ethnic groups are to name a few. For instance, if a student is biracially black and white and raised in a white suburb, s/he might be less inclined or encouraged to take advantage of black academic support services or black student organizations on campus. This may be problematic when the student may actually need support through his/her academic career; especially if s/he is not embraced by the black population on the campus or does not feel welcome in utilizing black support services. Politically, the multiracial ideology has received various lashes from all sides. Spencer (1993) believes that the multiracial concept is redundant to the various ethnic populations that inhabit America due to various forms of racial mixing that occurred at the beginning of the twentieth century, such as rape. Furthermore, Spencer (1993) believes that if there were a multiracial category, it would be unnecessary for multiracial individuals to also identify themselves with a specific ethnic group(s). On the other hand, Fernandez (1992) believes that Mexican Americans have been able to successfully complete these tasks. Mexicans in the United States are aware of their mestizo heritage, and throughout history accepted racial ambiguity and mixture as normal' (Fernandez, 1992, p.139). Overall, Fernandez (1992) believes that Latinos, particularly Mexican, are key people to increase Americas awareness in regards to multiracial identity and the various facets of this concept. Therefore, Latinos would be more inclusive of the multiracial identity than then general population, due to their mestizaje and their everyday experiences. Whereas, a person, who is part Polish and part Anglo, would cater to their Polish identity on a situational basis that is consistent with the cultural dynamics of their living environment (Waters, 1990). Overall, multiracial individuals are key people to serve in leadership roles because they are more likely to be responsive to a variety of constituents rather than a specific group. Psychologically, multiracial individuals most definitely possess a positive well-being and are more likely to be open-minded. In a society where race is such an important underlying factor among everyday politics and news, I believe it will be refreshing to see a multiracial leader transform oppressing ideologies of race and ethnicity as well as the conservative thought facing multicultural education. The eradication of oppressing ideologies is a difficult challenge but it is one that is welcomed with dignity by the multiracial population.

Wednesday, February 26, 2020

Aspects of Connected Speech in British English Thesis

Aspects of Connected Speech in British English - Thesis Example 170). According to this school of thought, a new English speaker must master the weak forms in order to understand and communicate properly. If new speakers do not master the weak forms, according to this theory, the words will sound unintelligible and unfocused (Leanez & Waasaf, p. 170). The competing theory is that the mastery of weak forms is not necessary for adequate communication, but is, rather, only useful for perception (Leanez & Waasaf, p. 171). In other words, one can understand a foreign speaker who does not use weak forms, but the perception of that speaker is affected by this. Roach states that there are forty such words in the English language and, while it is possible for an individual to not use the weak form of any of the words, it is unadvisable to do so, because doing so makes the speaker sound unnatural (Roach, 1998, p. 102). Roach states that the second reason why an individual must learn the weak forms is because it aids in comprehension – since most speakers use these forms, it is necessary for the non-native speaker to learn them so that he or she can understand what she is hearing (Roach, 1998, p. 102). Roach also states that most of these forty words are function words – prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary verbs and the like, and their weak forms are more prominent than their strong forms (Roach, 1998, p. 102). Examples of weak form words are the, a, and, but, that, than, his, her, your, him, her, he, she, we, you, them, us, at, for, from, of, to, as, some, there, can, shall, should, as, have, must, do, does (Roach, 1998, pp. 103-108). The weak form words may also be used in a strong form. According to Leanez and Waasaf, the accent, position and phonetic environment of the syllable determines if the syllable is going to be used in its weak or strong form (Leanez & Waasaf, p. 170). Some of Roach’s rules for discerning whether a

Sunday, February 9, 2020

British Legal systems and Contract law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

British Legal systems and Contract law - Essay Example In the leading case of Olley v.Marlborourgh Court Hotel (1949) 1 KB 552, a lady deposited her fur cloak in the hotel locker which was subsequently stolen. She sued the hotel for loss of the cloak, but the hotel management pleaded that in the contract of service there was a specific disclaimer for liability arising out of theft. It transpired that the disclaimer notice was in the hotel room, and not at the reception where the contract was enforced between the lady and the hotel management. 1 Moreover she did not have constructive notice of this diclaimer when she booked her room. The Court held that the hotel was liable for the loss since, the claimant was not aware of the facts at the time of booking the contract. However, in this case, it is seen that Metalinque was aware of the material fact that the goods need to be shipped to Aberdeen, and not delivered at London office. The writer's opinion is that the seller, Metalinque cannot be absolved of liability in this case merely on the fact that their agreement was with the London office, and not with the Aberdeen plant since the purpose of the agreement was not fulfilled due to (1) delay in performance and (2) Subsequent losses to the buyer, arising out of breach of contractual obligation by the seller due to material variation in delivery terms Further if the law were to consider, the application of Section 4 and Section 4 (5) of the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982, it is seen that there is an implied condition that the goods supplied should be fit and should serve the purpose for which it is sought. It is also seen that in the event that a party relies on the skill or judgment of another, whether the terms are expressly, or by implication, the implied condition shall be deemed to be present. In this case there is an implied condition that goods be delivered to Aberdeen. "Where, under a contract for the transfer of goods, the transferor transfers the property in goods in the course of a business and the transferee, expressly or by implication, makes know to the transferor, any particular purpose for which the goods are being acquired., there exists an implied condition that the goods shall meet such conditions." 2 (b) Even if there was a breach of contract, the sum sought is excessive. Under Section 20 (2) of the Sale of Goods Act 1979, the goods remain at the seller's risk until the title in them is vested on the buyer. When the buyer has accepted the goods at London, it is deemed that delivery has been affected. However, "where delivery has been delayed through the fault of either the buyer or seller, the goods are at risk of the party at fault, as regards any loss, which may not have occurred but for such fault." 3 In this case it is seen that, prima facie, there is a fault on the part of Metalinque for having caused losses due to belated delivery. However, this fault has been alleviated to a certain extent, due to the fact that Amethyst Ltd, had not explicitly and specifically stated under Clause 20 of the Purchase Contract that the goods need to be delivered at Aberdeen. In the absence of certainty of delivery of contractual obligation, they were at liberty to

Thursday, January 30, 2020

The Medieval Church Essay Example for Free

The Medieval Church Essay Lingberg and Duffy have a different look on The Medieval Church in the middle Ages. Unfortunately though, the church is often regarded as the capital of corruption, evil, and worldliness. An overview of the crisis concerned with farming, famine and the Black Death. I thought Lindberg was more persuasive than Duffy because of how he thought about farming, famine and the Black Death. As the Medieval church did offer many opportunities for ordinary people, makes us think they did not really cared about religion at all. The King needed the medieval church for political reasons, he did think about religion too. The medieval church offered salvation, for people to confess their sins to the priest. In medieval times people needed to go to heaven the only way was through the church. People were not allowed to think differently to what church had taught them, People were told that God had willed it; they needed religion and explanations to survive. The Church was really important in Medieval times than it is now. In those days people needed Church and religion to get their way through life. The Church controlled everyone even the King. It was important to people because it provided education for ordinary people, the priests gave advice, care and leisure in addition to religion. People needed priests to marry, baptize and bury them, without the church there would be no priests to do that. This shows that the Church was important to people in medieval ages. As we know not many people believe in heaven and hell now, but almost everyone believed in them in medieval ages. Everyone wanted to go to heaven when they died. They followed the church’s rules because it was the only way; they had to confess to their sins to the priest, for forgiveness from God. The church was more important to the king. He needed it to do coronations because they were religious ceremonies. Recognition by the church was important for Kings in the Middle Ages their reputation counted on it. People who were banned from the church and the kings were known as social outcasts. Duffy argues that the churches were directly tied into politics and laws of the land, there was very little distinction between what was holy and what was not. Much of the church was constructed of people who were wealthy and in positions of power; this was an avenue to  exercise that power was a bit more. They were abundant in the church and were a major part of that mindset that one’s work can get them into heaven. Much of the reform brought about by Martin Luther challenged the notion of purgatory, and therefore the significance of indulgences the way the church was misusing them. As many things define the distinct characteristics of history, the Christian church has made a remarkable milestone especially during the Middle Ages. Christianitys emergence as an official religion influenced not only the church, it enabled people to look beyond the obsession of power and worldly pleasures, but to a final and ultimate reward for a life well spent. Everybody put their faith in the hope and love of the Christian God. It gave the people goals and led them to the right path, yet why is it looked down upon so harshly? Maybe it was because of the wealth it exemplified, or the deterioration of morality in the popes. A contemporary account states: â€Å"The money was indeed the thing that killed the Jews. If they had been poor and if the feudal lords had not been in debt to them, they would not have been burnt† (Marcus 1973: 47). One can heedlessly conclude that the Medieval church was corrupt and unholy, but that would not justify its existence. Accordingly, the church was just trying to adjust itself to an age of chaos and uncertainty. Lindberg argued that along with the monetary benefits indulgence held for the church, there was a psychological component which kept the faithful in a state of fear of purgatory or even worse hell. This was one of the major abuses and signs of corruption in the Medieval Church. The Reformation more often emphasizes its social dimension, going beyond the doctrinal issues that divided Europeans. Because religion helped shape every aspect of European life, the practices of the new churches caused major changes. Duffys argues that the English Reformation was inevitable nor that it was the sole means by which the cause of human freedom could progress. Sacramental ceremonies from baptism to last rites had long marked key moments in the lives, families and communities. By abolishing or changing the sacraments, the Medieval Church challenged the social meaning of these rituals. This shattered older understandings about sexuality and personal holiness and led to intensified debate about the role of women in society resistance. Poor relief and charity meant something different when they no longer served as rich peoples way to perform penance. The idea that the medieval church was  immoral. Maybe putting together one thousand years of the history of the church with a disregard to any historical development may represent the medieval church as a corrupt institution, but still it is not necessary to go as far as to say that the church was corrupt. It is also worth noting that not all contemporaries who were interested in the reformation joined Luther in his famous feature, the Reformation. With this in mind, Luther and other reformers are usually credited with bringing the church back to the New Testament ideal, which is not necessarily the case. The Reformation in particular seems all the more worthy of when we realize that it may not have been merely an inevitable reaction to a corrupt Church but instead maybe a spontaneous movement, simultaneous or nearly so with similar movements that reformed politics and economics in equally radical ways. Works Cited Lindberg, Carter. The European Reformations. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 2010. Print.

Wednesday, January 22, 2020

The Crucilbe: Theater Project. Includes Directorial, Set, Sound, And C

I chose Arthur Miller’s The Crucible because of the plot’s dark history and suspense. Also because of the play’s reflection of McCarthyism. The so called â€Å"witch-hunts† for communist brought on by Senator Joseph.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The play is set in Salem, Massachusetts, 1692, where suspicions of witchcraft were floating around the town air. Act 1 starts out in early spring and ends in Act 4 when it is late fall. The play opens with Betty Parris sick in bed, and Reverend Parris tending to her, and wondering what made her so sick. Soon Abigail Williams saunters in, and through much probing, Reverend Parris eventually finds out that she, Tituba, Susanna Walcott and Betty were all involved together in a secret practicing of witchcraft. Abigail tells of a dance around a cauldron in the woods, and says that was all that happened. But, when Reverend Parris reveals how he was in the woods at that particular time, and saw the dances, Abigail gradually explains what went on, while leaving herself out as the main practitioner. She says she was forced into it all by the other girls and Tituba. Now the stage is set for a variety of unexpected accusations, scandals and tribulations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main characters are Abigial Williams, the â€Å"trouble maker† of the play, is the niece of Reverend Parris. Though only 13 years old she manages to get the whole village in an uproar. With the help of the other girls in the village, she fools the Salem council into thinking that the devil has inhabited certain citizens. Reverend Parris is the minister for Salem. He is a paranoid, power hungry man. He is more concerned about his reputation than his daughter and niece's souls when the first rumors of witchcraft get under way. However, he quickly learns to take advantage of the witch craze for his own personal gain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Proctor had an affair with Abigail when she was his household servant. He hates hypocrisy, and his hidden sin causes him a great deal of moral anguish. He hesitates to expose Abigail as a fraud because he knows his own conscience is unclean. He does not try to expose her as a liar until it is too late. He is accused of witchcraft and convicted. He suffers a moral dilemma over the decision to confess or not to confess to witchcraft. He confessed his affair before Danforth and Hathorne because he refuses to a... ...o show that she was a servant and wasn’t clothed in the same clothes as her masters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Last is sound. This play didn’t have any chances for back ground music except for the end of each act. The ending song for Act 1 is called â€Å"Pulse† which is performed by The Kroumata Percussion Ensamble located on the C.D. â€Å"The 2nd Construction†. It contains light xylophone, snare drum, timpani and bells. Act 2 opens with the living room and Elizabeth singing in the back ground. It also had a fire place so I wanted the sound of the fire crackling randomly through the scene. Then we hear the neighing of a horse and John proctor arrives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Act 3 ends with the uproar from John proctor and I chose another piece from The Kroumata Percussion Ensamble entitled â€Å"Soldier’s Song† which is a series of drum rolls, base drum crashes and timpani rolls. Act 4 leads us to the jail cell where the fall moon is shining through the window and the sounds of frogs and crickets can be heard. The scene ends with John being taken away to the hallows. For this scene I wanted a constant percussion ensemble of sounds and to get increasingly louder as the curtain falls.

Tuesday, January 14, 2020

Political Determinants Affecting the HK Insurance Market Essay

Introduction This part of the paper will analyse the external environment of HK insurance market through the use of PESTEL and Five Forces Analysis. PESTEL Analysis It can be noted that the HK Insurance market has always been dependent on international business climate as well as its product cycles. Consequently, the HK Insurance market has been deliberated as one of the growing industries throughout the years. The following figure shows the analysis of the political, economical, socio-cultural and technological, legal and environmental attributes and determinants affecting HK Insurance market. Figure 1 PESTLE Analysis Political| Economical| Socio-Cultural| * Taxation Policy of Hong Kong * Foreign trade Regulations * Political status and condition of Hong Kong and the global market| * Product life cycles * Business Cycles * Rate of unempoyment * Disposable income| * Lifestyle of the target market * Income distribution * Cultural diversity| Technological| Legal| Environmental| * Rapid transition in technology * Speed of technological transfer| * Laws and regulations about that covers apparel industries * Following regulations in the foreign trade| * Awareness of environmental protection * Existence of Green Products| One of the political determinants that affect HK Insurance market is the diverse taxations which surrounds Hong Kong market which lead to re-imports. In this regard, the vehicles are being bought overseas, re-imported to the locale market which influence the price of the product. In the period of economical issues, clients do not substitute their financial and insurance products and services offerings. On one hand, there are some insurance firms which are common in the market environment which expresses a new way of providing their services to their clients. In line with technological determinants, HK Insurance market nowadays is being quiker in line with the business standards as well as considers information system for data records management. In addition, so as to cope with the environmental determinants, further consolidation of the HK Insurance market is expected and consideration of insurance products must be given emphasis. Aside from PESTLE analysis, the HK Insurance market will also be analysed through the consideration of Porter’s five Forces model. 1. Suppliers. In the case of the insuranceindustry, speficifically in the current objectives and plans of HK Insurance market, decision-makers of the corporation must have a clear comprehenson of the business dynamics in which employees are directly involved in. Such consider the employees’ concentration or and core corporate interests, diversity of the products as well as the designs being offered as well as the alternative resources that are accessible for the HK Insurance market in terms of business partnerships. Hence, it is most proper to build win–win relationships with employees or have an agreement on the use of multiple employees in array to protect the interests of both ends. 2. Power of BuyersThe power of clients/buyer s describes the implicate clients/buyer s/buyer ss have on an industry. When buyer power is robust, the relationship to the producing industry becomes closer tomarket conditions wherein the buyer has the most influence in shaping the price. In this regard, the insurance company should be able to provide the need of their clients specifically in lique with information system. 3. New Entrants and Barriers of Entry. The plausibility of new corporations entering the industry influences the pace of the industrial competition. Therefore, the key is to analyse the entry technique as well as exit approach of the new player to the HK Insurance market. Although any corporation must be able to enter and exit the sector, each industry presents diverse degrees of complexity influenced by economics. In terms of insurance market. 4. Substitutes. â€Å"Substitute products† as those that is accessible in other industries that meet an identical or similar demand for the end user. As more substitutes become obtainable as well as price affordable, the demand becomes more elastic since clients/buyer s/buyer ss have more optonss. The threat of substitutes often implicates price-based competition since substitute products may restrict the capability of corporations within an industry to raise prices and improve margins. 5. Industry Competitors. A considerable number of corporations have developed into an essential part of the period of global competition, increasing enhancement, enhanced corporate paradigms, and corporate restructure. The continuous transition from the conventional corporate framework with its hierarchical corporations to a worldwide, knowledge-founded financial system as well as intelligent corporations demands business management to realign and relocate its techniques (Oliver, 1997). Along with the intense marketing nowadays, corporations are faced with the challenge to sustain their own competitive edge so as to survive and be successful. Techniques and marketing tactics are carefully planned and executed to gain the ultimate goal of all: corporation growth (Porter, 1990). Among the HK Insurance market player the management of each company should be able to sustain their competencies. Reference Oliver, C 1997, â€Å"Sustainable competitive advantage: Combining institutional and resource-Based views. †Ã‚  Strategic Management Journal18(9): 697-713. Porter, ME, 1980,  Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, Free Press, New York.

Monday, January 6, 2020

The Mass Media in China - 3453 Words

LS22442 Mass Media Tutorial Weeks 4 and 5 WEEK 4 The Mass Media in China Read the text (translation) paras. 1-38 for Week 4, before your tutorial; watch the first half of the documentary in class, then answer the questions at end. First anniversary of China’s entry to WTO (2002) RTHK: Impact on the media Ru shi yi zhou nian(å… ¥Ã¤ ¸â€"ä ¸â‚¬Ã¥â€˜ ¨Ã¥ ¹ ´) HC427.95 .R83 2003 (local tv) Vol.2 RTHK Soundtrack: mainly Cantonese, some Putonghua (with Chinese subtitles), some English Introduction (Trans. D.B. Hunter) Recent years have seen rapid development in China’s mass media sector with a progressive shift in balance from government control to commercialization and responsiveness to markets. To cope with market demand and the challenge posed by†¦show more content†¦9. Since the station started operating, Chinese stations have been frantically adopting the same format, as programmes like this were something which few of them had ever made. One example currently being recorded is an extremely popular male beauty competition. 10. We syndicated this show to several channels already in mainland China and for instance in Chongqing, the channel that we syndicated it to there was Chongqing TV No. 2 and on that channel, in the week, in that time slot, it has gone to become the number one general entertainment channel in all of Chongqing. 11. As television stations rely on advertising revenue, the advertising industry wants to see ratings. Since Xing Kong Weishi entered the China market, it’s been bringing in spectators and advertising, leaving domestic stations to follow as best they can. The days of no competition when everyone ate from the same big pot are well and truly over and will not return. 12. In the past the mainland, media was directly under government control. This was an effective way to get policies across to the people. But the effectiveness of government-run media in a free market situation is low. To handle the impact of entry to the WTO as well as Jiang Zemin’s directive, the media need to stand on their own two feet. 13. Talking to the People’s Daily, Jiang Zemin said that the media had to properly carry out their propaganda work and at the same time make sure that they adhered toShow MoreRelatedThe Mass Media in China3469 Words   |  14 PagesLS22442 Mass Media Tutorial Weeks 4 and 5 WEEK 4 The Mass Media in China Read the text (translation) paras. 1-38 for Week 4, before your tutorial; watch the first half of the documentary in class, then answer the questions at end. First anniversary of China’s entry to WTO (2002) RTHK: Impact on the media Ru shi yi zhou nian(å… ¥Ã¤ ¸â€"ä ¸â‚¬Ã¥â€˜ ¨Ã¥ ¹ ´) HC427.95 .R83 2003 (local tv) Vol.2 RTHK Soundtrack: mainly Cantonese, some Putonghua (with Chinese subtitles), some English Introduction (Trans. D.B. 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