Habits and Traits of Millipedes, Class Diplopoda

The common name millipede literally means thousand legs. Millipedes can have a lot of legs, but not nearly as many as their name suggests. If you compost your organic waste or spend any time gardening, youre bound to find a millipede or two curled up in the soil. All About Millipedes Like insects and spiders, millipedes belong to the phylum Arthropoda. This is where the similarities end, however, as millipedes belong to their own class—the class Diplopoda. Millipedes move slowly on their short legs, which are designed to help them push their way through the soil and vegetative litter. Their legs remain in line with their bodies, and number two pairs per body segment. Only the first three body segments—those of the thorax—have single pairs of legs. Centipedes, in contrast, have single pairs of legs on every body segment. Millipede bodies are elongate and usually cylindrical. Flat-backed millipedes, as you might guess, appear flatter than other worm-shaped cousins. Youll need to look closely to see a millipedes short antennae. Theyre nocturnal creatures that live mostly in the soil and have poor sight when they can see at all. The Millipede Diet Millipedes feed on decaying plant matter, functioning as decomposers in the ecosystem. A few millipede species may be carnivorous as well. Newly hatched millipedes must ingest microbes to help them digest plant matter. They introduce these necessary partners into their systems by feeding on fungi in the soil, or by eating their own feces. The Millipede Life Cycle Mated female millipedes lay their eggs in the soil. Some species lay eggs singly, while others deposit them in clusters. Depending on the type of millipede, the female may lay anywhere from a few dozen to several thousand eggs in her lifetime. Millipedes undergo incomplete metamorphosis. Once the young millipedes hatch, they stay within the underground nest until theyve molted at least once. With each molt, the millipede gains more body segments and more legs. It may take many months for them to achieve adulthood. Special Adaptations and Defenses of Millipedes When threatened, millipedes often curl into a tight ball or spiral in the soil. Though they cannot bite, many millipedes do emit poisonous or foul-smelling compounds through their skin. In some cases, these substances may burn or sting, and may even discolor your skin temporarily if you handle one. Some of the brightly colored millipedes secrete cyanide compounds. Large, tropical millipedes can even shoot a noxious compound several feet at their attackers eyes.

Article Summary of Kreppner - 610 Words

In a longitudinal, correlational study, Kreppner et al. (2007) investigated whether early deprivation causes functional impairment and which features of early deprivation contribute to impairment. Kreppner, et al. (2007) chose four hypotheses derived from the current body of research: first, that the outcome would depend on the post-adoption environment because of its longer duration; second, that biological damage occurs during early deprivation so any resulting impairment would be still present at age 11; third, that deprivation beyond a sensitive period would be the decisive factor as to whether there was impairment at age 11; fourth, that impairment would be due to differences in individual resilience. Kreppner et al. (2007) selected Romanian children adopted into the UK before 43 months of age; of these, 144 were raised in institutions and 21 were family raised–this group was used as a second control group. In addition, 52 children born in the UK but adopted before 6 months of age were also selected. To assess outcome, the children were measured at ages 6 and 11 in 7 areas of functioning. Impairment was defined as falling below the 85th percentile in a given area, except in the domain of autistic features, for which a clinical diagnosis was required. Multiple impairment was defined as falling below the cut-off in two or more of the areas. To validate the outcome measures, parents were surveyed as to the extent that mental health services and special education

Interface Design on Smart Home Heating Control Panel

Question: Discuss about the Interface Design on Smart Home Heating Control Panel. Answer: Design Overview The system design incorporates a control panel that facilitates the users to maintain their room temperature by implementing a sensor for sensing the present room temperature and regulating the flow of liquid (hot water), which in turn transfers the heat. In addition to that, there will be options such as hot air, steam, electric and hot water, from which the user can select the method of heating (Kumar, 2014). The user interface design includes a zone heating mechanism that helps setting default temperatures for individual zones or sections of the house. The system can be controlled remotely and is of a comparatively small size. The user interface includes an LCD (liquid crystal display) screen that demonstrates information for the application such as current temperature captured by the heat sensor, present status of the battery, time and operating mode. Project Scope The project scope involves a brief description of the overall project and a detailed outline of the major objectives undertaken for the project. The heating system design will facilitate a cost effective approach to heat the rooms in cold areas (Gungor et al., 2013). It fundamentally aims to attract the consumers having comparative lower income and living in hilly and cool areas. Project Description The report focuses on designing a SMART home heating control panel that is utilized for maintaining the room temperature in relatively cold areas. For this purpose, the project involves a detailed approach identifying the basic requirements for the proposed system and thereby builds the control panel using suitable hardware, software and adequate power supply. Therefore, the business goal for this particular project is to facilitate an efficient and cost-effective means to maintain the room temperature for the middle-income consumers living in cooler areas (Hu Li, 2013). The study involves developing the user interface and control panel for the SMART home heating thermostat. The proposed system can be controlled remotely and allows the users to select a number of options to choose from, each facilitating different methods for heating up their rooms. Project Objectives The primary objectives of project mentioned below: To design a cost-effective SMART home heating control panel that automatically maintains the room temperature To include multiple heating functions such as heating through hot air, hot water, steam and electricity To implement a zone heating system that helps setting up specific temperatures for individual sections or zones in the house To involve an LCD display that shows the relevant information such as present battery status, time, present room temperature and operating mode details To incorporate a heating sensor that senses the temperature of the room and accordingly regulates the control by circulating the flow of hot fluid to transfer the heat To enable a remote operating approach for the thermostat control panel Business and User Requirements Business Requirements The business requirements for the project are outlined below: The system should incorporate easily comprehendible features and functionalities so that it is able to ensure customer satisfaction The user interface should be designed in a way so as to incorporate all the important utilities for meeting the expectations of the customers, which in turn helps in increasing the customer base The design of the thermostat incorporates a high accuracy temperature sensor with an LCD panel having wireless and wired remote controlled user interface. User Requirements The user requirements for the proposed system are demonstrated as follows: The look and feel of the user interface should be in such a way that navigation becomes easy and follows a clear manner. The interface should be able to display all the important and relevant information about the heating process and associated details The design of the control panel should be such that it does not consume a very large space on the wall and should be able to automatically sense and control the room temperature for all the individual sections or zones of the house The user interface should be capable of facilitating an efficient means to preset the temperatures of individual rooms or zones The interface should allow users to select options for heating such as hot air, hot water, steam or electric The user should be able to operate the system remotely The control panel should be easy to operate and involve a simple, clear and concise design layout of the user interface Key Assumptions The key assumptions made for the project development are given underneath: For the hardware and software requirements, appropriate authorization and license is required The design and development of SMART home heating control panel involves IBM PC that gives efficient methods for designing the user interface model and code the required functionalities The SMART home heating panel is implemented with a microcontroller microprocessor, the thermostat design includes heat high accuracy temperature sensor and a 3.4 inches LCD segment, real time clock (RTC), temperature measurement and display, timer and battery status There are suitable platforms available for coding with adequate memory (RAM) storage facilities The UI design should only allow controlling the thermostat operation designed by a specific manufacturer and therefore, should not allow compatibility with systems developed by different manufacturers. The system is mainly targeted towards providing a cost effective method to the consumers having relatively lower income and staying in cold climate regions The proposed system should only provide options for heating the room and not support any type of cooling processes There would be adequate as well as uninterrupted power supply to the household so as to support the system The performance and efficiency of the designed thermostat is typically measured by factors such as ease of use, level of easiness in navigation options, interactive functionalities as well as the range of available operations facilitating the users to easily and readily heat their rooms The UI (user interface) should be an intelligent touch screen, which can be operated easily and smoothly The system is designed keeping in mind mainly the consumers of middle income families and living in cold climate regions The users will only operate the system after adequately going through the user training manual so as to properly understand each of the functions and way of working The system is expected to provide profitability and reliability Use Cases The use cases are as follows: Use Case 1: User accesses UI through Dashboard Description The UI dashboard contains the home section through which the functions are accessed Example The user can navigate to various options and settings from the home page Actors The user Stakeholders Manufacturers, consumers of the SMART home heating thermostat Pre-conditions The UI is usable Post-conditions The user navigates to other sections from the dashboard Triggers The user operates the UI Flow of events The control panel is opened The user switches on the UI to start the heating process Business rules The navigations are only possible through dashboard Use Case 2: User controls room temperature Description The user controls the room temperature using the thermostat Example The user uses the UI to control the temperature of a specific room or zone Actors The user Stakeholders Manufacturers, consumers of the SMART home heating thermostat Pre-conditions The UI is usable The thermostat is already installed The user is able to operate the system Post-conditions The room temperature is changed and maintained Triggers The user needs to adjust the room temperature to increase heat Flow of events The control panel is opened The user switches on the UI to start the heating process The user adjusts the temperature settings, modifies the temperature Business rules Temperature settings are saved, the user can use quick control facility or utilize the zone heating system Use Case 3: User sets up and uses Zone Heating Description The temperature zones are utilized Example The user navigates from home screen to the available profiles for zone heating facility Actors The user Stakeholders Consumers of the SMART home heating thermostat Pre-conditions The thermostat is installed The user is capable of operating the UI Post-conditions The user can create temperature zones and enable zone heating through the profiles Triggers The consumer can understand the ease of use of the temperature zone profiles Flow of events The control panel is opened The user switches on the UI to start the heating process The user navigates to create zone profiles from Set Temperature Zone option The user uses the profiles for zone heating after creating them Business rules The user can only navigate to the temperature zones from the dashboard/ home screen Design Process The detailed process followed for the purpose of designing the present thermostat system is described as follows: User-centered design: The UI design approach typically involves focusing on the needs of a user during the design process. The design process typically involved the following stages: Analyze and understand user activities: At the first stage, the user activities are specifically analyzed and understood. Produce paper-based design prototypes: The next step is outlining the basic layout of the design proposed for the user interface (Kuzlu, Pipattanasomporn Rahman, 2012). The paper based design is made based on the identified and gathered design requirements important to the targeted users. Design prototype: The system prototype is designed based on the previously chalked out paper based design prototype, keeping in adequate consideration of the required design requirements. Evaluate design with end users: After the design prototype is developed, it is crossed checked and verified with a group of testers or users. Interactive functionalities: During the design process, several factors are addressed that are mentioned as follows: The user interface incorporated icons, menus and clear and concise graphics that appropriately serve the intended purpose (Rogers, Ramchurn Jennings, 2012). The design process took care of the following factors for the UI of SMART home heating control panel: User familiarity: The user interface incorporates user oriented terminologies and words so that it ensures sufficient user friendliness. Recoverability: The system is designed keeping in mind that it should be easily recoverable from specific user errors (Weiss et al., 2012). For example, the user interface should incorporate undo and cancel options. User guidance: The system includes components that provides adequate user guidance, such as help options, online manuals to correctly operate the system Consistency: The system involves appropriate amount of consistency in terms of menus and commands for navigations, available options and formats for representation. Execute prototype: After the prototype is designed, it is executed so as to implement the final user interface (UI) of the SMART home thermostat heating control panel UI (user interface) (Li et al., 2012). Interface Design Home Screen: The Home screen displays the present temperature, battery status, and the current time. Figure 1: Home Screen Zone Heating Profiles: Individual profiles can be configured for setting temperatures for separate sections. Figure 2: Zone Profiles Selecting Profiles: A random profile is selected for heating a specific zone. Figure 3: Selection of a Profile Time settings and temperature settings: Time and temperature configuration option Figure 4: Time settings and temperature settings Saving Time settings and temperature settings: The configurations are saved. Figure 5: Saving Time settings and temperature settings Different heating methods: Icons for the available options (hot air, hot water, steam and electricity) for selecting the method to heat rooms Figure 6: Different heating methods Choosing a specific option: Selecting a specific one among the available options (hot air, hot water, steam and electricity) for selecting the method to heat rooms Figure 7: Selecting a heating option Quick control: Automatically turns on sensor for maintaining the room temperate Figure 8: Quick control Enabling quick control: Switch on the quick control mode. Figure 9: Enabling quick control Usability Testing and Evaluation In this section, the designed system is evaluated so as to test its effectiveness and efficiency against performing the required operations (Ramchurn et al., 2012). A set of evaluation aim and methodology is set for testing the overall system against the user requirements and business objectives: Evaluation aims The primary aims for carrying out the system evaluation are demonstrated as follows: To measure the level of ease of use and functional accuracy of the individual operations facilitated by the user interface To identify and examine the impacts of using the finally designed user interface by the end users To measure and analyze the advantages that the system provides to the targeted customers To understand the level of consistency, user familiarity and recoverability of the designed user interface Success criteria The criteria set for successfully accomplishing the project are demonstrated below: The consumption of electricity is potentially reduced, which in turn ensures a cost-saving approach to room heating The individual heating options (e.g. hot water, hot air, steam or electricity) are clearly identified and can be easily used and switched as and when needed without any difficulties The zone heating system essentially allows the users to easily heat the individual zones or sections of the house The overall user interface design ensures sufficient user friendliness and easy to operate solution The system meets the predefined objectives of the user interface design for the thermostat The design process is completed within the predefined time frame as well as within the estimated budget for the manufacturers of the SMART home heating control panel UI The interface should have all the functionalities and there should be no scope creep The end product is released after the test is carried out and tested for fixing the different issues identified during the test Evaluation methodology For carrying out the evaluation, the researcher team utilizes a specific set of rules and techniques for prototyping and interaction. Prototype mobile UI (user interface) was made available to be used by a group of test users who gather knowledge from the feedbacks and opinions from the users. The user experience is analyzed according to the received feedbacks (Makonin, Bartram Popowich, 2013). In this process, the evaluation identifies the existing issues and problems in the UI design. Based on the results and outcomes of the evaluation process, necessary changes are brought into the proposed interface design. This process typically included a questionnaire survey that asked relevant questions to the users about the presently designed UI (Yang Newman, 2013). The entire process may be carried out more than once in order to accurately identify the errors and major areas for change. Test audience selection and ethical considerations It has as of now been specified that the home heating thermostat control panel manufacturers are focusing on the electronic market of cool climate regions for releasing the user interface. In this way, clients who have as of now introduced the thermostat UI in their homes were drawn closer to take an interest in the assessment procedure. The test group were chosen from gatherings of individuals who were willing to take an interest in the said evaluation program (Tsui Chan, 2012). Other than this, it is worth mentionable that the task group did not furnish them with advantage in real money or kind. It is obviously that the characters of the members, alongside their reactions have been thought to be touchy bits of data and hence have kept up in a secured way. Evaluation experiments The evaluation experiments methods are described as follows: Using the thermostat user interface (UI) potentially increases the energy efficiency of the overall system. The experiments conducted against the amount of energy consumption thereby utilized. The response time for each individual function and operation were evaluated multiple numbers of times The test group evaluated the system by navigating through the different sections, icons and menus of the interface Analysis methodology and procedures The methods and procedures adopted for analyzing and evaluating the interface: A thorough identification process for the individual requirements of the target consumers A detailed identification process followed for the corresponding effective technological solutions for the identified requirements (both business and user) A detailed feasibility analysis and study of the project design process References Ali, M., Jokisalo, J., Siren, K., Lehtonen, M. (2014). Combining the demand response of direct electric space heating and partial thermal storage using LP optimization.Electric Power Systems Research,106, 160-167. Asare-Bediako, B., Kling, W. L., Ribeiro, P. F. (2012, September). 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Karl Marx Essays (564 words) - Marxist Theory, Marxism, Karl Marx

Karl Marx Karl Marx wrote many works throughout his time, but one of the works of his youth was called On Man and History. This work by Marx was written when he was a youth and was influenced by the Industrial Revolution and the works of Hegel philosophy. There are two sections in this document one is the Alienated Man and the other is History. The first section by Marx talks about how man is alienated by the process of labor and the product that is made out of the labor. Marx says that the process of labor is an alienation because man does not do work for their own pleasure and the labor is not part of the nature of man, but the labor is forced upon man to gain other satisfaction such as entertainment, money, and food. In addition, Marx states that the work done by a person is not for him or herself but for consumers or it belongs to a man other than the worker. The other part in this section is the relationship between man and the products they produce. Each "commodity" (product) produced by the worker devalues themselves even more every time the worker produces it and when the commodity increases in price. This happens because the worker uses their own energy to produce the product thus losing the inner self and inner life. Marx also, says this about religion; when man attributes to god the less they have of themselves. According to Marx the reason for these, alienation of man is because of Capitalism related to private property. In the second section, Marx states that throughout history the ruling ideas are always the ruling society, ruling class, and ruling intellectual force. The reason that ruling classes rules over intelligence according to Marx is because that class has the material means to be dominant. He gives the examples of when the bourgeoisie was the ruling class freedom and equality would dominant, but when the aristocracy the concepts of honor and loyalty would dominant society ways of thinking. The reason this kind of thing happens is that people will listen to people who have power. This is still clearly shown throughout society today. One example of this is Peter Warrick and the department store incident. If Peter Warrick was a regular person, he probably would of not gotten the discount that he got for the colthes he got, but by being a nationally reconginized star he got the discount that he got. Another example of this is the O.J Simpson trial. If O.J Simpson was a regular person the trial would not of gone nationally and might had been a different outcome, but by being a star, he influenced the national public and got a not guilty verdict. Throughout this document, Marx clearly showed many biases. One of them was he was an atheist because in the section of Alienated Man he says that religion is the same way as labor because once a person attributes to God the less he is left with themselves. His second bias is towards communism and his dislike of capitalism. He shows this bias in the last part of the Alienated Man by saying that private property and capitalism is why the alienation of man happens. Marx got all these bias when he was young by reading Hegel and Feuerbach; also by living through the industrial revolution influence all these biases. This document written by young Marx influenced many things throughout history: it was one of the starting foundations of later works by Marx for example The Communist Manifesto and also laid the foundation of Communism.

Multicultural education Essays

Multicultural education Essays Multicultural education Essay Multicultural education Essay At the sound of multicultural education being discussed in the whims and conversational buzzes of educational conferences, it is assumed that it is defined as incorporating various cultures in the curriculum to create a respect and understanding for people of various cultural backgrounds. However, there has been an increase in the diversity of bi-/multiracial individuals such as Black/Caucasians or students who have a German/Chinese/Puerto Rican background. When multicultural education is implemented through a minimum of holidays, and heroes or customs, foods, music, and dance, what does multicultural education mean for bi-/multicultural students? What culture(s) do they embrace? Is it fair for teachers to assume that they would embrace their culture(s)? Not only is there a racial mix between black and white, but between Asians, Latinos, Native Americans, and South Asians. Interracial marriages are accounting for 5% of all marriages (Phinney Alipuria, 1996). There are some issues that may transcend across interracial groups. There is a need to understand how a multiracial individual identifies himself. Does he identify with one race more than the other or both and why? Does he identify with an ethnic group at all? An individuals social environment and physical appearance plays a major role in shaping ones identity. The focus of multicultural research has been mostly on biracials who are part Caucasian and part African-American. It has been perceived as mostly a black-white issue and the experiences of those in between have been greatly ignored. There has been a lack of research on biracial Latinos (ex. Puerto Rican-Chinese) and their experiences with multicultural educational in school. More importantly, what umbrella term do multiracial individuals fall under? Furthermore, there have been national Latino agencies such as the National Council of La Raza (NCLR) that have supported multicultural education but denounced the multiracial movement to include a multiracial category to the Census. NCLR strongly believed that a multiracial category would take away funding and power from the United States Latino population. Currently, the multiracial movement has been able to pressure the Census Bureau to allow the U.S. population to check multiple boxes in the Census 2000. There are multiracial organizations such as webzine Interracial Voice, A Place for Us, Project RACE, Famlee, and the Multiracial Activist, that have actively worked towards the full acknowledgment of Americas multiracial population; in addition to being able to acknowledge their full identity instead of part of their identity. The increase of multiracial activism has coupled with the increase in the diversity of biracial individuals. Not only is there a racial mix between black and white, but between Asians, Latinos, Native Americans, and South Asians. Interracial marriages account for 5% of all marriages (Phinney Alipuria, 1996). There are some issues that may transcend across interracial groups. One important issue is how a multiracial individual identifies himself. Does he identify with one race more than the other or both and why? Does he identify with an ethnic group at all? Phinney and Alipuria (1996) found that the individuals social environment and physical appearance played a major role in shaping ones identity. In addition, they noted that it is important to understand the ethnic makeup of the multiracial individual and assess which ethnic group is more willing to accept a multi-faceted identity. These are crucial points to consider when a teacher is constructing a multicultural curriculum based on mainstream customs, foods, music, and dance. A multicultural student who embraces both or one identity may encounter a problematic experience in going through such a curriculum. For instance, take a student who appears African-American, but is actually half Black and half Puerto Rican. There are no other Latinos in class and few African-American students. In addition, the student would have a non-Latino surname and would completely miss out on learning integral portions of his Latino heritage if a teacher assumes that she has no Latino students in class. Inclusion of multicultural education units based just on class race composition would hinder the students chances on learning about his entire identity. On the other hand, a broadly conceptualized multicultural education program would facilitate and enable the teacher to appropriately address cultural topics in the classroom as they would also be a part of the general educational experience. In accordance with this study and contrary to previous research, Phinney and Alipuria (1996) found that multiracial students were found to be able to take advantage of their ethnic background and engage in intergroup relations (Phinney Alipuria, 1996). Multiracial students were found to be the key people to bridge the gap between ethnic groups who would have never interact socially on their own (Phinney Alipuria, 1996). Furthermore, multiracial students were more ethnically androgynous and less ethnocentric than their monoethnic counterparts (Phinney Alipuria, 1996). Therefore, this trait allowed multiracial students to be open to cultures other than their own. In turn, this facilitates instruction for the teacher as multicultural students may serve to set the example for open-minded, critical learning. For instance, Flores-Gonzalez (1999), found that Latinos who are of mixed national origin were more likely to adopt a panethnic term that would be more inclusive of various Latino identities rather than a monoethnic term that would just claim a single Latin American national origin. Most of this research paints a promising future for multiracial people in society. However, there is a lack of research done on Latino multiracial students and their interaction with multicultural curriculums. Furthermore, higher education deals with issues that are totally on a different level from elementary and high schools. Issues such as affirmative action, special support programs, and scholarships for specific ethnic groups are to name a few. For instance, if a student is biracially black and white and raised in a white suburb, s/he might be less inclined or encouraged to take advantage of black academic support services or black student organizations on campus. This may be problematic when the student may actually need support through his/her academic career; especially if s/he is not embraced by the black population on the campus or does not feel welcome in utilizing black support services. Politically, the multiracial ideology has received various lashes from all sides. Spencer (1993) believes that the multiracial concept is redundant to the various ethnic populations that inhabit America due to various forms of racial mixing that occurred at the beginning of the twentieth century, such as rape. Furthermore, Spencer (1993) believes that if there were a multiracial category, it would be unnecessary for multiracial individuals to also identify themselves with a specific ethnic group(s). On the other hand, Fernandez (1992) believes that Mexican Americans have been able to successfully complete these tasks. Mexicans in the United States are aware of their mestizo heritage, and throughout history accepted racial ambiguity and mixture as normal' (Fernandez, 1992, p.139). Overall, Fernandez (1992) believes that Latinos, particularly Mexican, are key people to increase Americas awareness in regards to multiracial identity and the various facets of this concept. Therefore, Latinos would be more inclusive of the multiracial identity than then general population, due to their mestizaje and their everyday experiences. Whereas, a person, who is part Polish and part Anglo, would cater to their Polish identity on a situational basis that is consistent with the cultural dynamics of their living environment (Waters, 1990). Overall, multiracial individuals are key people to serve in leadership roles because they are more likely to be responsive to a variety of constituents rather than a specific group. Psychologically, multiracial individuals most definitely possess a positive well-being and are more likely to be open-minded. In a society where race is such an important underlying factor among everyday politics and news, I believe it will be refreshing to see a multiracial leader transform oppressing ideologies of race and ethnicity as well as the conservative thought facing multicultural education. The eradication of oppressing ideologies is a difficult challenge but it is one that is welcomed with dignity by the multiracial population.

Aspects of Connected Speech in British English Thesis

Aspects of Connected Speech in British English - Thesis Example 170). According to this school of thought, a new English speaker must master the weak forms in order to understand and communicate properly. If new speakers do not master the weak forms, according to this theory, the words will sound unintelligible and unfocused (Leanez & Waasaf, p. 170). The competing theory is that the mastery of weak forms is not necessary for adequate communication, but is, rather, only useful for perception (Leanez & Waasaf, p. 171). In other words, one can understand a foreign speaker who does not use weak forms, but the perception of that speaker is affected by this. Roach states that there are forty such words in the English language and, while it is possible for an individual to not use the weak form of any of the words, it is unadvisable to do so, because doing so makes the speaker sound unnatural (Roach, 1998, p. 102). Roach states that the second reason why an individual must learn the weak forms is because it aids in comprehension – since most speakers use these forms, it is necessary for the non-native speaker to learn them so that he or she can understand what she is hearing (Roach, 1998, p. 102). Roach also states that most of these forty words are function words – prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary verbs and the like, and their weak forms are more prominent than their strong forms (Roach, 1998, p. 102). Examples of weak form words are the, a, and, but, that, than, his, her, your, him, her, he, she, we, you, them, us, at, for, from, of, to, as, some, there, can, shall, should, as, have, must, do, does (Roach, 1998, pp. 103-108). The weak form words may also be used in a strong form. According to Leanez and Waasaf, the accent, position and phonetic environment of the syllable determines if the syllable is going to be used in its weak or strong form (Leanez & Waasaf, p. 170). Some of Roach’s rules for discerning whether a

British Legal systems and Contract law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

British Legal systems and Contract law - Essay Example In the leading case of Olley v.Marlborourgh Court Hotel (1949) 1 KB 552, a lady deposited her fur cloak in the hotel locker which was subsequently stolen. She sued the hotel for loss of the cloak, but the hotel management pleaded that in the contract of service there was a specific disclaimer for liability arising out of theft. It transpired that the disclaimer notice was in the hotel room, and not at the reception where the contract was enforced between the lady and the hotel management. 1 Moreover she did not have constructive notice of this diclaimer when she booked her room. The Court held that the hotel was liable for the loss since, the claimant was not aware of the facts at the time of booking the contract. However, in this case, it is seen that Metalinque was aware of the material fact that the goods need to be shipped to Aberdeen, and not delivered at London office. The writer's opinion is that the seller, Metalinque cannot be absolved of liability in this case merely on the fact that their agreement was with the London office, and not with the Aberdeen plant since the purpose of the agreement was not fulfilled due to (1) delay in performance and (2) Subsequent losses to the buyer, arising out of breach of contractual obligation by the seller due to material variation in delivery terms Further if the law were to consider, the application of Section 4 and Section 4 (5) of the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982, it is seen that there is an implied condition that the goods supplied should be fit and should serve the purpose for which it is sought. It is also seen that in the event that a party relies on the skill or judgment of another, whether the terms are expressly, or by implication, the implied condition shall be deemed to be present. In this case there is an implied condition that goods be delivered to Aberdeen. "Where, under a contract for the transfer of goods, the transferor transfers the property in goods in the course of a business and the transferee, expressly or by implication, makes know to the transferor, any particular purpose for which the goods are being acquired., there exists an implied condition that the goods shall meet such conditions." 2 (b) Even if there was a breach of contract, the sum sought is excessive. Under Section 20 (2) of the Sale of Goods Act 1979, the goods remain at the seller's risk until the title in them is vested on the buyer. When the buyer has accepted the goods at London, it is deemed that delivery has been affected. However, "where delivery has been delayed through the fault of either the buyer or seller, the goods are at risk of the party at fault, as regards any loss, which may not have occurred but for such fault." 3 In this case it is seen that, prima facie, there is a fault on the part of Metalinque for having caused losses due to belated delivery. However, this fault has been alleviated to a certain extent, due to the fact that Amethyst Ltd, had not explicitly and specifically stated under Clause 20 of the Purchase Contract that the goods need to be delivered at Aberdeen. In the absence of certainty of delivery of contractual obligation, they were at liberty to